Bioremediation of Phenanthrene Polluted Soils

نویسندگان

  • Simona Belviso
  • Laura Bardi
  • Raffaella Fabbian
  • Mario Marzona
چکیده

The best metabolic conditions for the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a selected microbial consortium from a natural soil were investigated in order to improve the efficiency of bioremediation processes for cleaning of polluted waters and soils. Phenanthrene is one of the most recalcitrant pollutants to microbial decomposition and most difficult to remove. A microbial consortium was selected from a non polluted soil using a selective medium containing phenanthrene as a sole carbon source; DNA was extracted from the purified strains and the 16S rDNA was PCR-amplified and sequenced for the characterization. In order to improve the bioavailability of phenanthrene α−, β−, γ−, cyclodextrin were tested as coadjuvants. The degradation kinetics were carried out in presence of α, β, γ-, cyclodextrin in an aqueous phase at 28°C and 37°C; in presence of βcyclodextrin in slurry phase at 37°C and in solid phase at room temperature. Phenanthrene concentration was detected by HPLC. The degradation of phenanthrene depends on the type of cyclodextrins and on temperature. In aqueous phase, the combined effect of temperature and addition of cyclodextrin improves the degradation of phenanthrene, and β-cyclodextrin is the best coadjuvant when combined to a temperature of 37°C. In slurry phase the degradation rate was lower than in solid phase, indicating a more important role of air availability than of temperature in biodegradation process. The microbial consortium was characterized. In conclusion bioaugmentation of indigenous microbial consortia, increase of bioavailability by β-cyclodextrin, high environmental temperature and good aeration of soil result in a significant decrease (50% in 35 days) of phenanthrene in polluted soils. RESUMEN: Las mejores condiciones metabólicas para la biodegradación de hidrocarburos por un consorcio microbiano seleccionado de un suelo natural fueron investigadas para mejorar la eficacia de los procesos de la bioremediación para la limpieza de aguas y de suelos contaminados. El fenantreno es uno de los contaminantes más recalcitrantes a la descomposición microbiana y el más difícil de eliminar. Un consorcio microbiano fue seleccionado de un suelo no contaminado usando un medio selectivo que contenía el fenantreno como única fuente de carbono; El ADN fue extraído de las colonias microbianas purificadas y el ADNr 16S fue PCRamplificado y ordenado para la caracterización. Con objeto de mejorar la biodisponibilidad del fenantreno, las α, β, γ-, ciclodextrina fueron probadas como coadyuvantes. Las cinéticas de degradación fueron realizadas: en presencia de α-, β-, γ-, ciclodextrina en fase acuosa a 28°C y 37°C; en presencia de β-ciclodextrina en fase fangosa a 37°C y en fase sólida a temperatura ambiente. La concentración del fenantreno fue detectada por HPLC. La degradación del fenantreno depende del tipo de ciclodextrinas y de la temperatura. En fase acuosa, el efecto combinado de la temperatura y la adición de ciclodextrina mejora la degradación del fenantreno, y la βciclodextrina es el mejor coadyuvante cuando está combinado a una temperatura de 37°C. En fase fangosa, la tasa de degradación fue más baja que en la fase sólida, indicando un papel más importante de la disponibilidad del aire que de la temperatura en el proceso de biodegradación. El consorcio microbiano fue caracterizado. En conclusión, la bioaugmentación de consorcios microbianos autóctonos, el aumento de la biodisponibilidad por βciclodextrina, la alta temperatura ambiental y la buena aireación del suelo dan lugar a una disminución significativa (el 50% en 35 días) del fenantreno en suelos contaminados.

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تاریخ انتشار 2006